Black Cinema Connection

Release Date:  12/25/97
Genre:  Drama/Based on Actual Events/Historical
Rating:  R
Director:  Steven Spielberg
Studio(s):  DreamWorks, Home Box Office (HBO)
Running Time:  154 mins.

Cast:  Djimon Hounsou (Sengbe Pieh/Joseph Cinqué), Matthew McConaughey (Roger Sherman Baldwin), Anthony Hopkins (John Quincy Adams), Morgan Freeman (Theodore Joadson), Chiwetel Ejiofor (Ens. James Covey), Nigel Hawthorne (President Martin Van Buren), David Paymer (Secretary of State John Forsyth), Pete Postlethwaite (William S. Holabird), Stellan Skarsgård (Lewis Tappan), Razaaq Adoti (Yamba), Abu Bakaar Fofanah (Fala), Anna Paquin (Queen Isabella II of Spain), Tomas Milian (Ángel Calderón de la Barca y Belgrano), , Derrick Ashong (Buakei), Geno Silva (Jose Ruiz), John Ortiz (Pedro Montes), Ralph Brown (Lieutenant Thomas R. Gedney), Darren E. Burrows (Lieutenant Richard W. Meade), Allan Rich (Judge Andrew T. Juttson), Paul Guilfoyle (Attorney) Peter Firth (Captain Fitzgerald), Xander Berkeley (Ledger Hammond), Jeremy Northam (Judge Coglin), Arliss Howard (John C. Calhoun), Austin Pendleton (Professor Josiah Willard Gibbs, Sr.), Pedro Armendáriz, Jr. (General Baldomero Espartero).

Details:   Amistad is a historical drama film based on the true story of the events in 1839 aboard the slave ship La Amistad, during which Mende tribesmen abducted for the slave trade managed to gain control of their captors’ ship off the coast of Cuba, and the international legal battle that followed their capture by the Washington, a U.S. revenue cutter. The case was ultimately resolved by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1841.  Based on the book Mutiny on the Amistad: The Saga of a Slave Revolt and Its Impact on American Abolition, Law, and Diplomacy (1987).

Story:  La Amistad is the name of a slave ship traveling from Cuba to the United States in 1839 and carrying African slaves as its cargo. As the ship is crossing from Cuba to the United States, Cinqué, head of the Africans, leads a mutiny and takes over the ship. The mutineers spare the lives of two Spanish navigators to help them sail the ship back to Africa. Instead, the navigators misdirect the Africans and sail north to the east coast of the United States, where the ship is stopped by the American Navy, and the living Africans imprisoned as runaway slaves.

In an unfamiliar country and not speaking a single word of English, the Africans find themselves in a legal battle. United States Attorney William S. Holabird brings charges of piracy and murder. Secretary of State John Forsyth, on behalf of President Martin Van Buren (who is campaigning for re-election), represents the claim of Queen Isabella II of Spain that the Africans are slaves and are property of Spain based on a treaty.  At the time the Queen was ten years old and living in exile in Rome with her mother Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies while Spain was under the liberal regency of Baldomero Espartero and the government of prime minister Antonio González. Two Naval officers, Thomas R. Gedney, and Richard W. Meade, claim the Africans as salvage while the two Spanish navigators produce proof of purchase. A lawyer named Roger Sherman Baldwin, hired by the abolitionist Lewis Tappan and his black associate Theodore Joadson, decide to defend the Africans.

Baldwin argues that the Africans had been captured in Africa to be sold in the Americas illegally. Baldwin proves through documents found hidden aboard La Amistad that the African people were initially cargo belonging to a Portuguese slave ship, the Tecora. Therefore, the Africans were free citizens of another country and not slaves at all. In light of this evidence, the staff of President Van Buren has the judge presiding over the case replaced by Judge Coglin, who is younger and believed to be impressionable and easily influenced. Consequently, seeking to make the case more personal, on the advice of former American president (and lawyer) John Quincy Adams, Baldwin and Joadson find James Covey, a former slave who speaks both Mende and English. Cinque tells his story at trial, how he was kidnapped by slave traders outside his village, and held in the slave fortress of Lomboko, where thousands of captives were held under heavy guard. Cinque and many others were sold to the Tecora, where they were held in the brig of the ship. The captives were beaten and at times, were given so little food that they had to eat the food from each other’s faces. One day, 50 captives were thrown overboard. Later, the ship arrived in Havana, Cuba. Those captives that were not sold at auction were handed over to La Amistad.

United States Attorney Holabird attacks Cinqué’s tale of being captured and kept in the slave fortress, and especially questions the throwing of precious cargo overboard. Holabird contends that Cinque could have been made a debt slave by his fellow Sierra Leoneans. However, the Royal Navy’s fervent abolitionist Captain Fitzgerald of the West Africa Squadron backs up Cinqué’s account. Baldwin shows from the Tecora’s inventory that the number of African people taken as slaves was reduced by 50.  In the Tecora’s case, they had underestimated the amount of provisions necessary for their journey.  As tension in the courtroom rises, Cinqué stands up from his seat and repeatedly cries, “Give us, us free!”

Judge Coglin rules in favor of the Africans. After pressure from Senator John C. Calhoun of South Carolina on President Van Buren, the case is appealed to the Supreme Court. Despite refusing to help when the case was initially presented, Adams agrees to assist with the case. At the Supreme Court, he makes an impassioned and eloquent plea for their release, and is successful.  Because of the release of the Africans, Van Buren loses his re-election campaign, and tension builds between the North and the South, which eventually culminates in the Civil War.  Source:  Wikipedia; IMDB; Collider.

Trailer:

Release Date:  10/7/16; In Theaters
Genre:  Drama/Historical/Biography
Rating:  R
Director:  Nate Parker
Studio(s):  BRON Studios, Creative Wealth Media Finance, Follow Through Productions, Hit 55 Ventures, Infinity United Entertainment, Juniper Productions, Mandalay Pictures, Novofam Productions, Oster Media, Phantom Four Films, Point Made Films, Tiny Giant Entertainment, Fox Searchlight Pictures.
Running Time:  120 mins.

Cast:  Nate Parker (Nat Turner), Armie Hammer (Samuel Turner), Mark Boone Junior (Rev. Walthall), Colman Domingo (Hark Turner), Aunjanue Ellis (Nancy Turner), Dwight Henry (Isaac Turner), Aja Naomi King (Cherry Turner), Esther Scott (Bridget Turner), Roger Guenveur Smith (Isaiah), Gabrielle Union (Esther), Penelope Ann Miller (Elizabeth Turner), Jackie Earle Haley (Raymond Cobb), Tony Espinosa (Young Nat Turner), Jayson Warner Smith (Hank Fowler), Jason Stuart (Joseph Randall), Steve Coulter (General Childs).

Story:   In 1809, on a farm in Southampton County, Virginia, Nat Turner is a pre-teen slave boy. There is not enough food for all children and Nat’s father Isaac notices that Nat is starving, so one night he slips out to steal some food. On the road, Isaac is caught by a posse led by Raymond Cobb. When Cobb tries to execute him, Isaac turns the tables, kills one member of the posse and flees. He then returns home, tells his family what happened and says that he has to leave immediately, but not without speaking to Nat once more, insisting that Nat is “a child of God” and has a purpose. When Cobb arrives and questions Isaac’s family about his whereabouts, nobody says anything and Benjamin Turner, the owner of the farm, intervenes before Cobb turns violent.

Elizabeth Turner, Benjamin’s wife begins to teach Nat to read, hoping that he can be helpful in the household. The reading lessons center on the Bible and Elizabeth goes so far as to have Nat read scripture during church gatherings.  Shortly before Benjamin dies, he decides that Nat will work as a farmhand. Samuel Turner, Benjamin’s son, becomes the head of the farm.

Now an adult, Nat is still picking cotton, but he also preaches and reads scripture for his fellow slaves on the farm. During a slave auction, Nat is immediately smitten by Cherry, one of the female slaves for sale. He convinces Samuel to buy her as a wedding gift for Catherine Turner, Samuel’s sister.  Nat and Cherry fall in love, marry, and conceive a daughter.

Due to the economic situation in the South, many slave owners have problems feeding their slaves and fear revolts. Reverend Walthall makes Samuel Turner an offer: several farm owners will pay good money if Samuel will travel to their farms with Nat and have Nat preach to the slaves to pacify them and convince them that the Bible requests them to endure their situations. Samuel, who is in financial trouble, reluctantly agrees. During their visits, Nat and Samuel witness emaciated and desperate slaves and, in some locations, horrifying treatment of the slaves by their owners.

Cherry is horribly beaten up and presumably raped by a group of white men, again led by Raymond Cobb. When Nat asks her who did it, she does not tell him because she fears his retaliation will lead to him being killed.

One day, when Samuel is not home, a white man who has been barred from all white churches in the county for unspecified crimes asks Nat to baptize him.  Although Nat knows that doing so could lead to horrible consequences for him, he feels that it is his duty as a preacher and he performs the baptism, supported by Elizabeth Turner.  For his insolence, he is whipped as punishment.

When his grandmother dies, Nat decides that he will rise up against the slaveholders. He holds a secret night meeting with some fellow slaves, among them a boy from another farm, and prepares them for the uprising.  During the night, Nat and a fellow slave enter the house of their owners and kill Samuel and the manager. They then ask the other slaves of the farm to follow them, which most do. During the night, they take over several other farms and kill the slave owners. During one of the takeovers, they notice that the boy has disappeared. A short time later, they are attacked by a group of people who had been alerted by the boy, and they have to retreat.

In the morning, they enter the town of Jerusalem to loot it for weapons. They are confronted by a group of white men, again led by Cobb, but they manage to defeat the group, with Nat personally killing Cobb. When they enter the arsenal, they notice that it is empty. They are immediately ambushed by soldiers who kill every slave except for Nat, who flees.

When Nat manages to secretly meet Cherry once more, she tells him that innocent slaves have been murdered and more will be as long as Nat is on the run. Nat turns himself in and is condemned to death.  Before he is hanged, Nat notices the slave boy who betrayed him in the crowd but Nat does not harbor any ill will towards the boy. The film ends with a fade of the boy’s crying face turning into the face of an adult soldier who presumably is the same boy, grown up and fighting for the Union Army in the American Civil War.  Source:  Wikipedia.

Trailer: